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- The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey into Insanity
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- In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman,
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- the dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive
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- husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression
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- into insanity.
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- Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her
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- breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to
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- admit that there might really be something wrong with his
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- wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who is also
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- a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken
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- because of it, certainly contributed to her breakdown; it
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- seems to me that there is a rebellious spirit in her.
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- Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove them
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- wrong.
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- As the story begins, the woman -- whose name we never
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- learn -- tells of her depression and how it is dismissed by
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- her husband and brother. "You see, he does not believe I am
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- sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high
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- standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and
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- relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one
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- but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical
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- * * * * * Roberts 2
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- tendency -- what is one to do?" (Gilman 193). These two
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- men -- both doctors -- seem completely unable to admit that
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- there might be more to her condition than than just stress
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- and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the
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- country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband
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- refuses to accept that she may have a real problem.
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- Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant
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- - submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in
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- her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her
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- health. She is forbidden to work, "So I . . . am absolutely
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- forbidden to "work" until I am well again." (Gilman 193).
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- She is not even supposed to write: "There comes John, and I
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- must put this away -- he hates to have me write a word."
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- (Gilman 194).
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- She has no say in the location or decor of the room she
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- is virtually imprisoned in: "I don't like our room a bit.
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- I wanted . . . But John would not hear of it." (Gilman
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- 193).
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- She can't have visitors: "It is so discouraging not
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- to have any advice and companionship about my work. . . but
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- he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as
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- to let me have those stimulating people about now." (Gilman
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- 196).
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- Probably in large part because of her oppression, she
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- continues to decline. "I don't feel as if it was worthwhile
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- to turn my hand over for anything. . ." (Gilman 197). It
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- seems that her husband is oblivious to her declining
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- conditon, since he never admits she has a real problem until
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- * * * * * Roberts 3
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- the end of the story -- at which time he fainted.
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- John could have obtained council from someone less
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- personally involved in her case, but the only help he seeks
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- was for the house and baby. He obtains a nanny to watch
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- over the children while he was away at work each day: "It
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- is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby." (Gilman 195).
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- And he had his sister Jennie take care of the house. "She
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- is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper." (Gilman 196).
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- He does talk of taking her to an expert: "John says if I
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- don't pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in
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- the fall." But she took that as a threat since he was even
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- more domineering than her husband and brother.
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- Not only does he fail to get her help, but by keeping
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- her virtually a prisoner in a room with nauseating wallpaper
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- and very little to occupy her mind, let alone offer any kind
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- of mental stimulation, he almost forces her to dwell on her
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- problem. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is
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- pretty close to being a prisoner.
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- Perhaps if she had been allowed to come and go and do
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- as she pleased her depression might have lifted: "I think
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- sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little
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- it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me." (Gilman
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- 195). It seems that just being able to tell someone how she
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- really felt would have eased her depression, but John
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- won't hear of it. The lack of an outlet caused the
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- depression to worsen: ". . . I must say what I feel and
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- * * * * * Roberts 4
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- think in some way -- it is such a relief! But the effort is
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- getting to be greater than the relief." (Gilman 198).
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- Meanwhile her reaction is to seek to prove him wrong.
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- "John is a physician, and perhaps . . . perhaps that is one
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- reason I do not get well faster. You see he does not
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- believe I am sick! And what can one do?" (Gilman 193). It
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- seems to me that while putting on an appearance of
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- submission she was frequently rebelling against her
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- husband's orders. She writes when there is nobody around to
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- see her, she tries to move her bed, but always keeps an eye
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- open for someone comming. This is obvious throughout the
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- story.
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- It also seems to me that, probably because of his
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- oppressive behaviour, she wants to drive her husband away.
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- "John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases
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- are serious. I am glad my case is not serious!" (Gilman
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- 195). As her breakdown approaches she actually locks him
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- out of her room: "I have locked the door and thrown the key
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- down into the front path. I don't want to go out, and I
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- don't want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want
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- to astonish him." (Gilman 203). I see no reason for this
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- other than to force him to see that he was wrong, and, since
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- she knew he couldn't tolerate hysteria, to drive him away.
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- Works Cited
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- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." 1892.
- The New England Magazine. Reprinted in "Lives &
- Moments - An Introduction to Short Fiction" by Hans
- Ostrom. Hold, Orlando, FL 1991.